Philanthropic organizations are increasingly viewed as key players in advancing climate action and supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Their interactions and networks with local communities, particularly in vulnerable regions, are critical for fostering effective climate adaptation
strategies. This study explores the social networks, innovation, and dynamics between philanthropic organizations and smallholder farming communities in Botswana to facilitate climate adaptation for vulnerable populations. Guided by social network theory and qualitative methods, including 11 in-depth interviews, the research examines the interactions, social support, and interdependence between these stakeholders. The findings reveal that the networks are dynamic and driven more by shared interests in climate action than financial incentives. Indigenous systems of adaptation were found to be more readily accepted by farming communities compared to externally imposed, Western solutions. While farming communities play a crucial role in shaping philanthropic activities, the impact of these initiatives remains constrained by bureaucratic hurdles and the informal nature of the networks. Moreover, some interventions require governmental authority and resources to address systemic challenges effectively and achieve scalability. The study also highlights the innovative ideas and climate adaptation strategies emerging from the farming communities, which are well-received locally but lack the structural support for broader implementation. These findings address significant research gaps related to sustainable development in indigenous and developing communities like Botswana. Practically, the research provides actionable insights for practitioners and philanthropic organizations, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing the human aspect of societal outcomes to drive effective climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.
